The social structure of the Yakuts in the Middle Ages

This article describes the analysis of the terms and potestary power of the Yakuts of the Middle Ages, as well as the main characteristics and features of the power structure of the Yakut medieval society. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that any issues related to new approaches to power structures are always relevant, new research on nomads has opened the way to new research not only in Yakut studies, but also in the issue of social order, which has always been with us. Thus, the issue of the structure of the Yakut society is poorly researched. The objective reason for this is that the socio-political organization of the Yakut society of the 17th centuryhas not been reconstructed due to the lack of a source base; however, there is a limited number of Cossack documents and folklore sources. The purpose of this article is an attempt to identify the features and characteristics of the social structure of the Yakuts in the Middle Ages. In accordance with the goal set, it is natural to solve the following specific tasks: to analyze the terms and potestary power of the Yakuts of the Middle Ages, to describe the main characteristics and features of the power structure of the Yakut medieval society. The following methods are used in the article: historicalgenetic, when describing the origin of the phenomena of power and peoples; historical and comparative, when analyzing the similarities and differences between the types of social order of the Yakuts and nomads of Central Asia; a complex approach; a systematic approach, when considering society as a whole; semantic analysis, applied in the analysis of Yakut terminologies; institutional method, when indicating the institutions of potestary domination as a clan, lineage and master family; the paper also attempts to justify the existence of the institute of chiefdom among the Yakuts. The results and prospects of the research in the article, the medieval society is defined as a transitional society to the chiefdom, in the future, historical science will have to study in more detail the features of this type of social structure, characteristic of the medieval Yakuts, as well as typology and highlight its features. Further collection of ethnographic and archaeological data will make it possible to supplement theoretical judgments with factual materials.

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